APA 7th Edition: Referencing
Video Resources
For more information, watch these videos on APA referencing:
Video one: Getting started
Video two: Reference lists
Video three: Books and ebooks
Video four: Edited book chapters
Video five: Webpages
Video six: Journal articles
Video seven: Referencing workshop
References
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
APA Style Blog. https://blog.apastyle.org/
Ontario Tech University Library. APA Citation Style Guide. https://guides.library.ontariotechu.ca/citation
Purdue OWL. APA Sample Paper. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_sample_paper.html
The information you must include in the referencing entries will vary depending on the type of source being referenced. In general, a reference entry will contain the author’s name, the date of the publication, the title of the work, and the source of the work. Depending on the source, there are several specificities that may be required.
Below are different formats and examples of common sources you may reference in assignments.
Books (section 10.2 and 10.3)
Note that for book references, you will begin by noting all of the authors in order of appearance by providing their last name followed by first and middle name initials as given. Following, the year of publication is given in parentheses followed by a period. Next comes the title in italic, ending in a period. Last comes the publisher.
Books with a single author: Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title (edition). Publisher.
Achterberg, J. (1985). Imagery in healing. Shambhala Publications.
Books with two authors: Author’s Last Name, First Initial., & Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title (edition). Publisher
Myers, D. G., & Dewall, C. N. (2015). Psychology (11 th ed.). Worth Publishers.
Books with three authors: Author’s Last Name, First Initial., Author’s Last Name, First Initial., & Author’s Last Name. (Year of Publication). Title (edition). Publisher .
Fritzon, K., Brooks, N., & Croom, S. (2020). Corporate psychopathy: Investigating destructive personalities in the workplace. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Chapter in an Edited Book: Author’s Last Name, Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of Chapter. In Editor’s Name, Title of the Book (page range). Publisher.
Bazin, A. (2000). Adaption, or the Cinema as Digest. In J. Naremore (Ed.), Film Adaption (pp. 19-27). Rutgers University Press.
Journal Articles (section 10.1)
For journal article references, you will begin by noting all of the authors in order of appearance by providing their last name followed by first and middle name initials as given. Next, the year of publication is given in parentheses followed by a period. Then, the title of the article will appear in sentence case—meaning the first word is capitalized and all others are lowercase—and ending in a period. The journal in which the article was published will follow in italicized font followed by a comma, the volume number, and the issue number in parentheses, ending in a comma. The page range for the journal article comes next ending in a period. The last item will be the digital objective identifier (DOI) or the URL.
Journal article with a single author: Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title. Journal, Volume(issue), page range. DOI or URL
Holden-Lund, C. (1988). Effects of relaxation with guided imagery on surgical stress and wound healing. Research in Nursing & Health, 11(4), 235-244. http://doi.org/dztcdf
Journal article with two authors: Author’s Last Name, First Initial., & Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title. Journal, Volume(issue), page range. DOI or URL
Gritzalis, D., & Tejay Gurvirender. (2013). Cybercrime in the Digital Economy - Editorial. Computers & Security, 38, 1-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.08.002
Journal article with three authors: Author’s Last Name, First Initial., Author’s Last Name, First Initial., & Author’s Last Name. (Year of Publication). Title. Journal, Volume(issue), page range. DOI or URL
Biederman, J., Mick, E., & Faraone, S. V. (1998). Depression in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children: “True” depression or demoralization? Journal of Affective Disorders, 47(1), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00127-4
Course Material (section 10.14)
Lecture slides: Presenter’s Last Name, First Initial. (Date). Title of session. [PowerPoint slides]. Name of learning management system. URL if available
Harel, J. (2022, January 25). White-collar crime: The definitional conundrum [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@Ontario Tech University. https://learn.ontariotechu.ca/?login
Lecture or Lecture note: Presenter’s Last Name, First Initial. (Date). [Lecture notes on XXX]. Faculty, University. URL if available.
Emeno, K. (2022, May 16). [Lecture notes on the biology of mind (Chapter 2)]. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ontario Tech University. https://learn.ontariotechu.ca/?login
Websites (section 10.16)
Website references begin with the author’s last name and first name initial or the group name/affiliation that created the content. Following, the date of publication should be provided in parentheses giving the year, month, and day. If no date is given, indicate by writing “n.d.” instead (see the first website example below). Next, provide the title of the page or content being referenced ending in a period. The website host comes next, ending with the URL for the page.
Website with author: Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Website Host. URL
Azma, S. (n.d.). How science communication can improve your career. Neuronline. https://neuronline.sfn.org/outreach/how-science-communication-can-improve-your-career
Website with group author: Group Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Website Host. URL
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 24). Keep your cool in hot weather! https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/features/extremeheat/index.html
Website with no author: Title of Page. (Year, Month Day). Source.
AI: Researchers train artificial intelligence to help detect breast cancer. (2023, July 25). BBC News. https://bbc.com/news/ukwales-66298998
Narrative Citation: AI: Researchers train artificial intelligence (2023)
Parenthetical Citation: (AI: Researchers train artificial intelligence, 2023)
YouTube Videos
Examples:
Stevie Bell. (2021, January 30). Citation #1: What is citation [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/XXKFWVtg4T4
Arizona State University. (2020, October 6). Solubility: Study Hall Chemistry #5: ASU + CrashCourse [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/L5zO2iJmNys
Narrative Citations: (Stevie Bell, 2021) and (Arizona State University, 2020)
Parenthetical Citation: Stevie Bell (2021) and Arizona State University (2020)
Citing ChatGPT
Example:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (July 27 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
Narrative Citation: OpenAI (2023)...
Parenthetical Citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
For additional support, check out the APA Style Blog resources on Reference Lists:
- APA Style Guide to Common Reference Examples
- APA Style Guide to citing sources with missing information
- APA Style Guide to citing YouTube References
- APA Style Guide to citing ChatGPT
- APA Style Reference Guide for Journal Articles, Books, and Edited Book Chapters
- Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide
- Journal Article Reference Check List
